闭孔泡沫铝的多轴唯象受压本构参数

基于显微计算机断层扫描影像信息, 逆向重建闭孔泡沫铝试件的三维细观有限元模型, 定量研究闭孔泡沫铝在多轴压缩载荷作用下的大变形力学行为. 讨论了泡沫金属唯象弹塑性本构参数的确定方法, 根据计算结果确定了3 个有代表性的泡沫材料本构模型的本构参数, 并验证了这些本构模型在描述多轴压缩应力状态下的精度. 研究表明, 对于单轴压缩, 3 个本构模型的屈服面均有很好的精度;对于静水压缩, 有限元软件"ABAQUS"的可压缩泡沫本构模型屈服面会发生严重偏离, 陈-卢本构模型"屈服面" 略微低估静水压缩的屈服应力, 而体积强化本构模型的屈服面有很好的精度.      

基于OCT技术对古瓷釉气泡特征的初步研究

气泡是古代瓷釉中最常见的一种现象,气泡的大小与分布与胎体和釉层的配方及制作工艺密切相关。气泡表征对研究陶瓷的制作工艺、产地和时代特征等具有重要的意义。为了探讨利用光学相干层析成像技术（OCT）表征古代瓷釉中气泡及其分布特征的可行性,实验采用扫频OCT成像系统对五件不同类型的瓷釉样品进行了测试。根据实验所获得的透明釉层及胎釉结合部位的二维断面图像和三维层析图像,分别进行了瓷釉气泡二维断面和三维切片的特征研究,综合分析了釉层中的气泡特征及其可能产生的原因,认为釉层中的气泡主要是由于胎体中的气体在烧制过程中向釉层溢出所致;同时基于像素点计算了气泡的大小, 并与传统光学显微镜观测到的结果进行了比较;实验还针对不透明釉层中的气泡进行了大小计算、二维断面及三维切片的特征研究。实验结果表明,不同类型的古代瓷釉釉层中的气泡特征差异明显;基于像素点计算的气泡大小与传统光学显微镜测试的结果吻合, 近胎釉结合面的胎体切片能很好的反映瓷釉的气泡特征。本研究提出并验证了利用OCT技术表征瓷釉气泡特征的可行性与有效性,实现了釉层气泡特征的无损检测,特别是对不透明釉层气泡的分析,克服了以往利用传统显微镜技术对釉层气泡分布研究的局限,为古代陶瓷瓷釉的气泡特征分析提供了一种新型的、可靠的分析手段。     

A Protocol to Estimate the Average Fidelity of the Space-Separated Bipartite System

In present work, we show that the average fidelity of a bipartite system can be decided by the average survive probability of the product state and the average survive probability of each subsystem. Several protocols to measure these quantities are constructed. Our method is suitable for the cases where the bipartite system is space-separated.     

Snowpack permittivity profile retrieval from tomographic SAR data

This work deals with 3D structure characterization and permittivity profile retrieval of snowpacks by tomographic SAR data processing. The acquisition system is a very high resolution ground based SAR system, developed and operated by the SAPHIR team, of IETR, University of Rennes-1 (France). It consists mainly of a vector network analyser and a multi-static antenna system, moving along two orthogonal directions, so as to obtain a two-dimensional synthetic array. Data were acquired during the AlpSAR campaign carried by the European Space Agency and led by ENVEO. In this study, tomographic imaging is performed using Time Domain Back Projection and consists in coherently combining the different recorded backscatter contributions. The assumption of free-space propagation during the focusing process is discussed and illustrated by focusing experimental data. An iterative method for estimating true refractive indices of the snow layers is presented. The antenna pattern is also compensated for. The obtained tomograms after refractive index correction are compared to the stratigraphy of the observed snowpack.     

X-ray tomography study on the structure of the granular random loose packing

Random loose packing is the minimum-density granular packing which can maintain mechanical stability. In this study, x-ray tomography is used to investigate the internal structure of an isotropically prepared random loose packing through a special apparatus to minimize the effect of gravity. It is found that the minimum packing density is around 0.587.The microscopic structural analysis of the packing is also carried out.     

Lorentz force electrical impedance tomography using pulse compression technique

Lorentz force electrical impedance tomography(LFEIT) combines ultrasound stimulation and electromagnetic field detection with the goal of creating a high contrast and high resolution hybrid imaging modality. In this study, pulse compression working together with a linearly frequency modulated ultrasound pulse was investigated in LFEIT. Experiments were done on agar phantoms having the same level of electrical conductivity as soft biological tissues. The results showed that:(i) LFEIT using pulse compression could detect the location of the electrical conductivity variations precisely;(ii)LFEIT using pulse compression could get the same performance of detecting electrical conductivity variations as the traditional LFEIT using high voltage narrow pulse but reduce the peak stimulating power to the transducer by 25.5 dB;(iii)axial resolution of 1 mm could be obtained using modulation frequency bandwidth 2 MHz.     

Atom probe tomography of size‐controlled phosphorus doped silicon nanocrystals

Doping of silicon nanocrystals is essential to control their electronic and optical properties. The incorporation of an impurity into a silicon nanovolume is a nontrivial task due to the self‐purification effect. Here, a systematic atom probe tomography study of the phosphorus distribution and incorporation in size‐controlled silicon nanocrystals embedded in silicon dioxide is presented. Qualitatively, it turns out that the phosphorus distribution in the system follows a universal, nanocrystal‐size independent trend: phosphorus‐enrichment at the interface with a substantial phosphorus‐incorporation in the silicon nanocrystal as small as 2 nm in diameter. This clearly contradicts strict self‐purification. These observations are explained by the bulk‐solubility and ‐segregation behaviour, kinetic effects related to the diffusion lengths, and nanoscale interface strain. The quantitative determination of the amount of phosphorus atoms per quantum dot enables a systematic understanding of phosphorus‐induced effects on optical and electronic properties of silicon nanovolumes.     

基于受激辐射信号的谱域光学相干层析分子成像方法

鉴于不同生理病理状态下组织复折射率实部的变化不大,传统光学相干层析(OCT)成像技术在分子特异性识别上存在先天不足.为此,本文提出了基于受激辐射信号的OCT成像方法,可在实现传统散射成像的同时,实现基于受激辐射信号的分子成像.在超高分辨率谱域OCT系统的基础上,通过增设光谱分光与调制抽运光支路,建立了基于单宽谱光源的抽运探测谱域OCT系统,详细推导了调制抽运下受激辐射信号的获取与成像公式.利用搭建的抽运探测谱域OCT系统,实现了瞬态受激辐射信号的相干探测.基于同时获取的受激辐射OCT信号和传统OCT信号,成功重构了氮化物粉末构建样品的基于受激辐射信号的分子对比OCT图像.     

An iterative image reconstruction algorithm combined with forward and backward diffusion filtering for in‐line X‐ray phase‐contrast computed tomography

In‐line X‐ray phase‐contrast computed tomography (IL‐PCCT) can reveal fine inner structures for low‐Z materials (e.g. biological soft tissues), and shows high potential to become clinically applicable. Typically, IL‐PCCT utilizes filtered back‐projection (FBP) as the standard reconstruction algorithm. However, the FBP algorithm requires a large amount of projection data, and subsequently a large radiation dose is needed to reconstruct a high‐quality image, which hampers its clinical application in IL‐PCCT. In this study, an iterative reconstruction algorithm for IL‐PCCT was proposed by combining the simultaneous algebraic reconstruction technique (SART) with eight‐neighbour forward and backward (FAB8) diffusion filtering, and the reconstruction was performed using the Shepp–Logan phantom simulation and a real synchrotron IL‐PCCT experiment. The results showed that the proposed algorithm was able to produce high‐quality computed tomography images from few‐view projections while improving the convergence rate of the computed tomography reconstruction, indicating that the proposed algorithm is an effective method of dose reduction for IL‐PCCT.     

可见光谱照明对小鼠卵母细胞及早期胚胎发育质量的影响

卵母细胞及早期胚胎在体外提取时难免受到可见光照明的刺激。但光照明对其体外发育质量的影响仍不明确。结合体外培养技术、无损成像技术(全场光学相干层析系统)及三维重构技术,在光强与曝光时间一致的条件下,首次实时原位地,从形态学角度,分析了不同可见光谱对小鼠卵母细胞及早期胚胎发育质量的影响。发现(1)与白光照明相比,蓝紫光显著降低卵母细胞生发泡破裂及第一极体排出比率,而在绿光及红光照明下,生发泡破裂及第一极体排出比率明显提高。(2)与白光组相比,蓝紫光组囊胚发生率明显下降,凋亡程度明显加大,而绿光及红光组囊胚发生率显著上调,凋亡程度明显减弱。这表明蓝紫光对小鼠卵母细胞及早期胚胎发育的损伤最大,而绿光和红光几乎无损伤。